Borneo History

A public digital resource for the history of North Borneo (Sabah), Sarawak, Brunei and the surrounding region — built by the Borneo History Research Centre, Kota Kinabalu. Press ⌘K to search.

This archive catalogs Colonial Office (CO) records held at the UK National Archives relating to North Borneo and the wider Borneo region — spanning the chartered company era through Malaysian federation (approximately 1840s - 1960s). Our mission is to make these materials accessible to researchers, educators, and the public worldwide.

Primary series

CO 874 1128 volumes

British North Borneo Company Papers

The founding archive of British North Borneo. Covers the full chartered company period: original lease agreements with the Sultans of Brunei and Sulu, resident diaries, finance ledgers, thematic correspondence on rubber, forestry, railways, constabulary, immigration, and census records (1901 - 1941).

CO 531 416 volumes

British North Borneo Original Correspondence

Colonial Office correspondence covering BNB administration from the chartered company era through WWII Japanese occupation, post-war reconstruction, constitutional development, and the transfer of sovereign rights to the Crown leading up to Malaysia's formation.

CO 144 / 352 / 404 / 487 97 volumes

Labuan Records

War and Colonial Department correspondence, registers, entry books, and out-letters relating to Labuan — including registers that also cover Borneo correspondence from the 1840s through the 1880s.

CO 537 177 volumes

Confidential Original Correspondence

Confidential Colonial Office records with significant North Borneo sub-series: Borneo policy directives, military administration handover, negotiations with Rajah of Sarawak, political intelligence reports, Sarawak cession, and post-war Borneo constitutional matters.

CO 947 61 volumes

Cobbold Commission 1962

Commission of Enquiry into North Borneo and Sarawak regarding the Malaysian Federation — the pivotal 1962 inquiry that led directly to Sabah and Sarawak joining Malaysia in 1963.

Sarawak & Brunei

CO 938 122 volumes

Sarawak Original Correspondence

Colonial Office correspondence covering the Brooke Raj and British Crown Colony period of Sarawak.

CO 943 35 volumes

Brunei Original Correspondence

Colonial Office correspondence relating to the Sultanate of Brunei under British protection.

Related & contextual series

CO 273 / 700 / 717 / 874 / 1022 / 1030 / 1047 / 1054 / 1069 and more

Regional Context

Straits Settlements correspondence (2383 volumes), Federated Malay States (1964 volumes), Maps and Plans series I and II, Post-1940 maps, Photographic Collection, Far Eastern Department, South East Asia Department, Reid Commission, Rajah of Sarawak Fund, and Singapore records.